When artificial intelligence (AI) is implemented, systemic issues can threaten women’s security, particularly in regions like South-East Asia where gender biases are prevalent in widely used AI systems. Research conducted by UN Women and the United Nations University Institute in Macau (UNU Macau) has shed light on the significant obstacles that women human rights defenders (WHRDs) and women’s Civil Society Organisations (WCSOs) face in terms of cyber threats. Despite being aware of these risks, these groups are often ill-equipped to protect themselves from, or recover from, cyber-attacks.
The report “Artificial Intelligence and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in South-East Asia” delves into the opportunities and risks of AI from a gender perspective. It focuses on four types of gender biases found in AI systems: discrimination, stereotyping, exclusion, and insecurity. These biases must be addressed before South-East Asian countries can fully harness the potential of new technological advancements. The research examines the relationship between AI and the women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda through the lens of three types of AI applications: AI for peace, neutral AI, and AI for conflict. While AI can enhance peace efforts by improving inclusivity and conflict prevention, gender biases hinder women’s ability to benefit from these technologies.
The second report, “Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities and Resilience among Women Human Rights Defenders and Civil Society in South-East Asia,” explores the specific cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities that WHRDs and WCSOs encounter. Gendered cyber threats, such as misogynistic and sexualized harassment, are prevalent, with these groups being targeted due to the nature of their work. Women’s rights advocates are at a higher risk of experiencing online harassment, trolling, and doxxing, which can disrupt their work, damage their reputation, and marginalize their voices.
The research recommends fostering inclusive and collaborative approaches in cybersecurity policy development to address the disproportionately high risks faced by WHRDs and WCSOs. Building the knowledge of civil society, government, private-sector actors, and decision-makers is crucial for preventing and responding to cyber threats effectively. Women’s groups operating in politically volatile and conflict-affected contexts require specific attention and support to safeguard their digital systems and networks.
Overall, the research underscores the urgent need to mitigate the risks posed by AI systems and cyber threats to advance the women, peace, and security agenda. By promoting gender-responsive peace and fostering cyber-resilience, South-East Asian countries can harness the potential of AI to support women’s rights and security. The launch of this research during the Gen-Forum 2024 highlights the commitment of UNU Macau and UN Women to empower women in the digital world. Training materials based on the findings will be rolled out to equip stakeholders with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate the intersection of AI, cybersecurity, and gender biases effectively.
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